underlying

adj

1. in the nature of something though not readily apparent

e.g. shortcomings inherent in our approach
an underlying meaning

Synonym: implicit in(p)inherent

2. being or involving basic facts or principles

e.g. the fundamental laws of the universe
a fundamental incomatibility between them
these rudimentary truths
underlying principles

Synonym: fundamentalrudimentary

3. located beneath or below

1. 潜在的；隐藏的；深层的；根本的
The underlying features of an object, event, or situation are not obvious, and it may be difficult to discover or reveal them.

e.g. To stop a problem you have to understand its underlying causes...
要想杜绝问题的发生，必须弄清它的深层原因。
e.g. I think that the underlying problem is education, unemployment and bad housing.
我认为深层的问题在于教育、失业和糟糕的住房条件。

2. 表面下的；下层的
You describe something as underlying when it is below the surface of something else.

e.g. ...hills with the hard underlying rock poking through the turf...
坚硬的下层岩石穿过草皮凸出来的山丘
e.g. Cars were covered with clear-coat finish at the factory to protect the underlying paint from fading.
工厂给汽车上了透明罩漆，以防底漆褪色。

1. 基础：比如,通过使用更客观的人员和(或)通过对基础(underlying)控制的定期直接测试增大证实的程度,管理层可以增加通过持续监督活动获取的证据. 管理层还可以通过调整直接测试涵盖的期间来改变所获取的证据. 如果财务报告内部控制风险评估为高,

2. 基本的：Black-Scholes公式的基本思想在于:派生证券的价格和股票的价格都受同一种基本的(Underlying)不确定因素的影响,二者遵循相同的维纳过程. 如果建立一个包含恰当的派生证券头寸和股票头寸的证券组合,可以消除维纳过程,股票头寸与派生证券

3. underlying的解释

3. 标的：若买方在未来有权以合约规定的价格从卖方处买入标的(Underlying)资产,则该期权被称为看涨(Call)期权. 若买方在未来有权以合约规定的价格向卖方卖出标的资产,则该期权被称为看跌(Put)期权. 若买方只能在期权到期日当天行使权力,