transformation

noun

1. the act of changing in form or shape or appearance

e.g. a photograph is a translation of a scene onto a two-dimensional surface

Synonym: translation

2. (genetics) modification of a cell or bacterium by the uptake and incorporation of exogenous DNA

3. a rule describing the conversion of one syntactic structure into another related syntactic structure

4. a qualitative change

Synonym: transmutationshift

5. (mathematics) a function that changes the position or direction of the axes of a coordinate system

1. 变态：由于和其它原因所致的调节机制的紊乱,生癌遗传基因则表现出来. 这是包括刺激、突然变异、病毒等全部在内的学说. 近年来利用培养细胞,以其变态(transformation)为指标,进行细胞的水平研究已在盛行,与动物实验并行对癌进行探讨.